Estimation of heterosis and combining abilities of us winter wheat germplasm for hybrid development in texas article pdf available in crop science december 2019 with 73 reads. Of them, shannong 0095 sn0095, a disomic substitution, has long spikes and flagleaves, and thus may be an important genetic resource for wheat yield improvement. In order to realize its heterosis and combining ability on major yield traits, a 7. Ppt heterosis powerpoint presentation free to view id. Free fulltext pdf articles from hundreds of disciplines, all in one place gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat triticum aestivum l. Various models have been posited to explain heterosis, including dominance, overdominance, and pseudooverdominance. Nov 26, 2019 iron biofortification of wheat, instead of supplementation and food fortification, provides a pragmatic approach to solve the problem of iron deficiency. Heterosis for yield and yield components were studied in f1, f2 and f3 generations in ten crosses of wheat, triticum aestivum l. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its. Breaking yield barriers for 2050 phillips 2010 crop sci. The two best crosses excelled the high parent and the standard variety by a significant margin. Iron biofortification of wheat, instead of supplementation and food fortification, provides a pragmatic approach to solve the problem of iron deficiency.
Heterosis is directly proportional to the number of dominant genes contributed by each parent 18. Finally, the capture of heterosis by the development of wheat hybrids. Gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat l. Combining ability and heterosis for morphophysiological. Heterosis is the increase or decrease in vigour of hybrids when compared with that of its parents sharif et al. Hybrid performance and heterosis in spring bread wheat, and. In this perspective, we consider that it might be useful to the field to abandon these. Heterosis and combining ability analysis for yield and its components in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. The significantly positive contrast between inbreeding depression and mid.
Heterosis is due to masking of deleterious recessive alleles by dominant alleles 4. Heterosis effect has been used in breeding of open pollinated plants such as maize or rye. Despite the extensive efforts in hybrid wheat breeding, however, mechanisms of wheat heterosis are largely unknown. Heterosis and combining ability for major yield traits of a. Genotypebyenvironment interactions affecting heterosis. Over half of all ethiopian farmers grow maize, mostly for subsistence, with 75% of all maize produced in the country is consumed as human food. Pdf on feb 28, 2020, vinay mahajan and others published heterosis for grain yield in wheat find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Estimation of heterosis, correlation and path analysis for. Apr 07, 2015 the heterosis, heterobeltiosis, general combining ability gca and specific combining ability sca were examined during rabi crop season of 202014 in hexaploid wheat genotypes. In this study, 144 diverse wheat genotypes were evaluated for grain iron and yield potential, to estimate the potential for the iron biofortification of high. However, since a significant interaction between years x f1s was noted for the traits measured, more than one year of evaluation will be necessary if winter x spring crosses are employed. Heterosis manifestation also indicated some transgressive segregates with high specific combining.
Heterosis was estimated by using line x tester analysis for yield and various important yield components in 12 crosses of bread wheat, involving 2 lines viz. Four associations with the phytohormone gibberellin ga indicate its involvement in the regulation of heterosis for shoot growth in maize, sorghum, wheat, rice, tomato and poplar. Heterosis and inbreeding depression for each trait was worked out by utilizing the overall mean of each hybrid over replications for each trait. Development of hybrid durum wheat rests on the premise that there is heterosis in this crop elfadl et al. The restoration of phenotypic performance by crossing inbred lines to produce a hybrid is called heterosis. One of the most promising options is to capture the yield benefits from heterosis in a hybrid wheat programme. Towards the understanding of genetic and molecular basis.
We investigated i the amount of heterosis observed in hybrid progeny, ii relative importance of general gca versus specific sca combining ability, and iii the relationship between heterosis and genetic distance measures in four agronomic traits of spring bread wheat. Estimation of heterosis in wheat triticum aestivum l. Bread wheat hexaploid triticum aestivum provides an extraordinary 10,000y story of a new species, established by early farmers, selecting for simple agronomical traits to facilitate efficient and plentiful grain harvest. Heterosis is a complex phenomenon, which depends on the balance of different combinations of gene effects as well as on the distribution of plus and minus alleles in the parents of a mating system. Mitochondrial heterosis and complementation as biochemical. Recent estimates of yield improvements associated with heterosis in wheat range from 3.
Attempts have been made in our research group for last decade to understand genetic and molecular basis of heterosis in wheat. However, the molecular basis for the increased internode elongation in hybrids is unknown. Hybrid breeding facilitates a maximum exploitation of heterosis. An international symposium on heterosis in crops, 1722 august, 1997, mexico city, mexico.
A quantitative genetic framework highlights the role of. Studies have shown that the exploitation of heterosis has the potential to overcome the yield plateau in wheat. Naomi miyaji, ryo fujimoto, in advances in botanical research, 2018. To systematically exploit heterosis in hybrid breeding. Freeman reported heterosis in wheat for the first time in 1919, where the f1 generation showed increased plant height when compared with their parents.
The nature and magnitude of heterosis was computed as per cent increase or decrease of the mean values of f 1 over mid parent, better parent bp and standard variety sv. Development of hybrid durum wheat rests on the premise that. Assessment of heterosis based on genetic distance estimated. The heterosis, heterobeltiosis, general combining ability gca and specific combining ability sca were examined during rabi crop season of 202014 in hexaploid wheat genotypes. Those breeders working on hybrid wheat may wish to look at winter x spring crosses as a means of maximizing heterosis. The rejection of crosses, which shows no heterosis. Heterosis is a major yield factor in all breeding categories except line breeding schnell, 1982. Plants free fulltext gibberellins and heterosis in. Plants free fulltext gibberellins and heterosis in crops. Heterosis and hybrid seed production in agronomic crops 1st. The ability to exploit heterosis hybrid vigour in wheat has historically been difficult due to the strong. However, since a significant interaction between years x f1s was noted for the traits measured, more than one year of evaluation will be necessary if winter x. Heterosis in hybrid wheat varieties produced using a chemical hybridising agent was assessed in field. Graduate thesis or dissertation estimates of heterosis.
This landmark book deals with heterosis and hybrid seed production of major agronomic crops such as wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, cotton, sunflower, and rapeseed. In this study we measured 25 traits in a set of 47 maize hybrids and their inbred parents grown in 16 different environments with varying levels of average productivity. Heterosis refers to the phenomenon that progeny of diverse varieties of a species or crosses between species exhibit greater biomass, speed of development, and fertility than both parents. Gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat. Furthermore, the best hybrid outperformed the best line variety by 1. The significantly positive contrast between inbreeding depression and midparent heterosis for grain yield indicated the presence of positive additive x additive epistatic interactions. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and yield. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its contributing traits in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Pdf manipulation of heterosis is considered to be a vital approach to enhance the yield potential of wheat and is as accepted to be a safe. Rahul singh rajput and vs kandalkar the present investigation was undertaken to study the combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and its components in f 1 generation of wheat through line x tester analysis. Heterosis and hybrid seed production in agronomic crops. Department of plant breeding and genetics, rajasthan agricultural university, s. The presence of significant heterosis for grain yield was also accompanied by heterosis. Freeman reported heterosis in wheat for the first time in 1919, where the f1 generation showed increased.
F 1 hybrid seed production system is used for many crops and vegetables because of the high yield due to hybrid vigor. Development of hybrids is considered to be a promising avenue to enhance the yield potential of crops. The effect of heterosis on yield components in hybrids of. Heterosis for yield and its physiological determinants in wheat. Through heterosis and hybrid seed production in agronomic crops, you will discover valuable information on hybrid seed production methods that is not available in any other single volume. Rewiring the wheat reproductive system to harness heterosis for the. In selfpollinated crops, like wheat, the scope for utilization of heterosis depends mainly upon the direction and magnitude of heterosis.
The genetics and exploitation of heterosis in crops. Manual for hybrid rice seed production download ebook pdf. Rewiring the wheat reproductive system to harness heterosis. Heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread wheat triticum. Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and. Pdf estimation of heterosis and combining abilities of. Combining ability and heterosis for grain yield and its attributing traits in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Manipulation of heterosis is an important strategy for increasing the yield potential of wheat rauf et al.
Assessment of heterosis for morphological and yield donating. Hybrid performance and heterosis in spring bread wheat. Oct 16, 2017 analysis of a large bread wheat genomic data set through a quantitative genetic framework designed to study the genetic basis of heterosis shows that hybrids outperform midparents in grain yield. Hybrid vigor heterosis michael gore lecture notes tucson winter institute version 18 jan 20. The environment can influence heterosis, the phenomena in which the offspring of two inbred parents exhibits phenotypic performance beyond the inbred parents for specific traits. Analysis of a large breadwheat genomic data set through a quantitative genetic framework designed to study the genetic basis of heterosis shows that hybrids outperform midparents in. Ismail agronomy department, faculty of agriculture, fayoum university, 63514fayoum, egypt corresponding author abstract introduction wheat triticum aestivum l. Analysis of variance anova revealed the presence of significant variance due to general combining ability gca among the parents for all the traits, and. The study of heterosis helps the breeders in eliminating less 1 generation itself. Significant heterosis over economic parent and mid parent was observed for almost all the traits studied. Presentation mode open print download current view. Heterosis and combing ability in f1 population of hexaploid. The converse or complement to inbreeding depression in which the value d a.
In more recent times, the successful utilization of hybrid vigor in crosspollinated crops regulated by sterility systems has stimulated the search for usable sterility systems in cereal grains. The present investigation entitled combining ability and heterosis for morphophysiological characters in bread wheat triticum aestivum l. Determining the efficacy of a hybridizing agent in wheat triticum. The mendelian theory of heredity and the augmentation of vigor. Heterosis in internode elongation and plant height are commonly observed in hybrid plants, and higher gas contents were found to be correlated with the heterosis in plant height.
The ability to exploit heterosis hybrid vigour in wheat has historically been difficult due to the strong inbreeding nature of wheat. Heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread wheat. Pdf heterosis and combining ability analysis in bread. Study of heterosis for grain yield and its components. Gibberellins and heterosis of plant height in wheat triticum. Eighty and 60% f1 hybrids exceeded the high parent and standard variety to the extent of 44. Heterosis and combining ability analysis were studied in a 7. The effect of heterosis on yield components in hybrids of wheat. In this study, heterosis in plant height was determined in two wheat hybrids, and it was found that the increased elongation.
Jun 24, 2014 bread wheat hexaploid triticum aestivum provides an extraordinary 10,000y story of a new species, established by early farmers, selecting for simple agronomical traits to facilitate efficient and plentiful grain harvest. Manual for hybrid rice seed production download ebook. Plant hybridizers of the past have found definite increases in yield and vegetative growth of f1 plants intraspecific and interspecific crosses. Heterosis and combining ability for grain yield and its. Heterosis and combining ability for major yield traits of a new wheat germplasm shannong 0095 derived from thinopyrum intermedium. Potentialities of heterosis breeding in wheat springerlink. Heterosis and combining ability for major yield traits of. Exploitation of heterotic effects is mainly accredited.
Genetic contributions to yield gains of five major crop plants. Superiority of dominant alleles over recessive alleles 3. Plant breeders exploit heterosis as an effective genetic strategy to increase yield and stress resistance in wheat. Excellent hybrid cultivars exhibit heterosis, in which the performance of the crop for a trait of interest exceeds the performance for that trait in the. Ppt heterosis powerpoint presentation free to view. It is the first crop in production more than any other cereal crop in the country. Experiment was conducted with 2 replications and 54 genotypes consisting 10 lines viz. Book of abstracts the genetics and exploitation of heterosis in crops. It has been over 100 years since the discovery of the. Teixeira da silva2 ejaz ashraf1 1 university college of agriculture, university of sargodha, pakistan 2 faculty of agriculture and graduate school of agriculture. Heterosis and hybrid seed production in agronomic crops discusses how heterosis or hybrid vigor has played a major role in improving crop productivity and quality in order to feed the everincreasing human population. Heterosis, or hybrid vigor, has contributed substantially to genetic improvements in crops and trees and its physiological basis involves multiple processes. Subsequent work has shown that mitochondrial heterosis indicates yield potential in barley 2, 3 and wheat 4, and, additionally, is indicative of hybrid vigour in drosophila 5 and other animals 6. Strategies for utilizing heterosis in wheat, rice and oil seed brassica in india, pp.
The objectives of our research were to i examine the magnitude of heterosis over the mid. Assessment of heterosis for morphological and yield. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis studies on plant height of f 1 hybrids of hexaploid wheat showed that all the f 1 hybrids recorded negative heterotic effects for plant height and the cross imdad. Cereals, cha, crop, fertility control, flower, heterosis, spike. Heterosis or hybrid vigor is a phenomenon in which a hybrid progeny exhibits superior performance compared to their parental inbred lines. Prediction of heterosis in wheat using coefficient of. Heterosis and inbreeding depression for grain yield and. The genetic changes underlying wheat domestication over thousands of years, however, included not just a collection of beneficial single gene mutations, but also. At present, hybrid breeding also being focused on selfpollinated plants, including wheat krystkowiak et al. Prediction of heterosis in wheat using coefficient of parentage and rflpbased estimates of genetic relationship.
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